Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Buah Andaliman terhadap Kadar Mda, Ekspresi BDNF, VEGF, p16INK4a dan Fungsi Memori Hipokampus pada Tikus Model Penuaan

Abstract

Background: The increasing number of elderly population is currently an important issue for the world. Indonesia is also experiencing an increase in population. Physiological aging and aging due to oxidative stress in the long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders that can cause aging of the hippocampus and senility. Andaliman is one of the typical herbal plants from North Sumatra which has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer and so on. Previous studies has been done on this plant, but until now the effect of andaliman ethanol extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) has not been found on memory function in the elderly. This study aim to investigated andaliman fruitethanol extraxt (EEBA) can be efficacious as an alternative management of dementia in the elderly. Objective: To analyze the effect of ethanol extract of andaliman fruit on MDA levels, BDNF, VEGF, p16INK4a expression and hippocampal memory function in aging model rat. Methods: Laboratory explorations were carried out by extracting andaliman fruit and phytochemical tests. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups K1= negatif control (normal), K2= positif control (aging model rat), P1= aging model rat + EEBA at dose 150mg/kgbb, P2= aging model rat + EEBA at dose 300mg/kgbb for 8 weeks. The aging model rats were induced with D-galactose at a dose of 150 mg/kgbb for 8 weeks. The examination of MDA levels using the Elisa technique, BDNF and VEGF expressions using RT-PCR, p16INK4a expression using the Immunohistochemical method and cognitive function using the Moris Water Maze test. The data analysis was performed by Anova test and differences between groups were carried out using t-independent test. Results: The results showed a significant difference in MDA levels in EEBA at dose of 300mg/kgbw compared to KP (p=0.01). BDNF expression tended to increase in EEBA dose 300mg/kgbw compared to KP (p>0.05), as well as VEGF expression tended to increase in treatment groups (EEBA doses 150 and 300mg/kgbw) compared to KP (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of p16INK4a protein between the treatment groups (p=0.041), where EEBA group at dose of 300mg/kgbw was better reduced p16INK4a expression than EEBA at dose of 150mg/kgbw (p<0.05). There was an improvement in memory function between the treatment groups with decreased swimming time (p=0.026). The average time needed to find the hidden platform (escape latency) for 5 days of exercise among the treatment groups showed a significant decreased in travel time in EEBA group at a dose of 300mg/kgbw compared to KP (p<0.05). Conclusion: Administration of EEBA at a dose of 300mg/kgbw was better reduced serum MDA levels, decreased of p16INK4a expression and improved memory function in aging model rats.