Kontribusi Epifit Terhadap Kelimpahan Serangga Kanopi Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Vascular epiphytes was a member of the community of oil palm plantations which have received less attention. These herbs also improve biodiversity in oil palm plantations, in addition it also provides habitat and food source for insects canopy. During this time plantation treat epiphytes not uniform, because there has been no recommendation from any party about the actions that should be carried out on this plant. Research to determine the contribution of epiphytes to canopy insect diversity in North Sumatra oil palm plantations is important to manage epiphytes in oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in February 2013 to March 2015. The location of research include 5 locations oil palm plantations in North Sumatra is the Bukit Sentang Gardens, Padang Mandarsah Gardens , Ajamu gardens, Sijambu-jambu gardens and Aek Pancur gardens. Each location is represented by a garden area of 50 ha and grouped into three age groups, namely the age of 1-5 years, 6-15 years and above 15 years. To determine the contribution of epiphytes to diversity of canopy insects, epiphytic nothing unpunished (100%), discarded portion ( 50%) and cleared (0%) of palm trunks. The results were obtained with the 87 species of vascular epiphytes total number of 65 751 individuals were included into the 3 7 tribe. The most dominant epiphytic species Nephrolepis biserrata and Goniophlebium verrucosum. Canopy insects captured 13 433 individual insects day and night. This insect is composed of 7 Class Insecta, Arachnida, Crustacea, Chilopoda, Collembola and Isoptera. Insects that most are from the family Fonnicidae followed by Curculionidae. Epifitnya gardens unpunished has an individual number and the amount of insect family more than the garden epifitnya- cleaned. insects found more beneficial and insects yet unknown role in the ecosystem than harmful insects. Oecophyla smaragdina, Camponotus sp., Hypoponera sp., Pheidole sp., Tetramorium sp., Strumigenys sp., Technomyrmex sp., Odontomachus sp., Aphytis sp., Nipponochalcidia sp., Apantheles sp., Gavrana sp., Goryphus sp. , Spathius sp., Orgilus sp., and Phanerotoma sp. including beneficial insects. Some genus of the family Syrphidae, Blatellidae, Blatidae, Chloropidae, Reduviidae including insects yet unknown role in the ecosystem, while family Anthribidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Cicadellidae, Meenoplidae, Curculionidae, Miridae, Blattidae, Syrphidae, Cleridae, Staphylinidae, Pentatomidae, and Aderidae, were found including insects harmful , This study suggests the management of the garden to let the vascular epiphytes grow on palm trunks, but the types of potential parasites.