Formulasi Nanoemulsi Gel Minyak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merr & Perry) dan Uji Aktivitas Anti-Acne

Abstract

Acne is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicular unit which is characterized by the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts and sometimes scar tissue. Acne occurs due to active sebaceous glands under the skin. This activity is stimulated by androgen hormones. Eugenol is the main composition of clove leaf oil which has pharmacological properties as an antimicrobial anti-inflammatory. This study aims to formulate clove leaf oil into nanoemulsion gel preparations, evaluate the preparations, test the antibacterial activity of the preparations and test the anti-acne activity. This research was started by distilling clove leaf oil, testing the antibacterial activity of clove leaf oil, formulating clove leaf oil into nanoemulsion gel dosage forms at concentrations of F1 (2%), F2 (4%), and F3 (6%). Evaluation of nanoemulsion gel preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, particle size, stability tests, antibacterial activity tests, skin irritation tests and anti-acne activity tests compared to gel emulsions and preparations on the market. Anti-acne activity testing was carried out visually and using a skin analyzer. The preparations were applied to the skin of the panelists 2 times a day for 28 days. The results showed that the yield of clove leaf oil was 2.8%. The resulting nanoemulsion gel is yellow in color, has a characteristic odor, slightly thick and homogeneous. Nanoemulsion gel has a pH (5.44-6.41), viscosity (2750-3434 mPa.S), spreadability (5-7 cm), particle size (12-15 nm), stable during 12 weeks of storage at low temperature , high temperature, room temperature and cycling test and does not irritate the skin. The results of the nanoemulsion gel antibacterial test had the maximum inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 6%. The results of the anti-acne activity test visually showed a change in the classification of acne degrees from moderate to mild degrees and using a skin analyzer showed a decrease in sebum levels and a greater number of acne in the nanoemulsion gel preparation (55.35% and 78.46%) compared to the gel emulsion preparations and not significantly different from the preparations on the market. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that clove leaf oil nanoemulsion gel is stable during storage and has greater anti-acne activity compared to gel emulsion and does not differ significantly from preparations on the market.