Formulasi Sediaan Nanogel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) serta Uji Aktivitas Penyembuhan Luka Bakar pada Tikus

Abstract

Heat may induce tissue damage through burns. Almost every burn treatment available on the market contains antibiotics that might develop antibiotic resistance. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins found in papaya leaves have promise as wound healing agents and antibacterials by preventing bacterial development. Nanogel preparations feature an efficient, consistent drug delivery system, a high drug loading capacity, and are structurally stable due to the existence of internal cross-links. This research seeks to produce papaya leaves as a nanogel for treating burns. The ethanol extract of papaya leaves was acquired by maceration using a 96% ethanol solvent, which was then assessed for total phenolic and total flavonoid content before being formulated into 3 nanogel formulas, namely F1 (5%), F2 (7.5%), and F3 (10%) and tested for physical characteristics of the preparation, stability, antibacterial activity, irritation, and healing of burns on rat skin.The nanogel containing papaya leaf ethanol extract has a thick consistency, is green in color, is homogenous, stable for 12 weeks at room temperature, low, and high temperatures, and does not irritate the skin of rabbits. The nanogel containing an ethanol extract of papaya leaves demonstrated an inhibition zone diameter of 12.9 mm and 13.4 mm against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, respectively, during the antibacterial activity test. When the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of papaya leaf was compared to that of a negative control group, the results were considerably different. In the group of rats that received 10% papaya leaf ethanol extract nanogel, wound healing activity revealed a percent decrease in wound width that healed more quickly on the 16th day compared to the 10% papaya leaf ethanol extract gel preparation on the 18th day. On the 15th day after receiving Bioplacenton®, there was a statistically significant difference between the Bioplacenton®-treated rats in the positive control group and the other rats. All groups of mice administered nanogel and gel differed considerably from the control group, which recovered on the 21st day. Histopathologically, epidermal alterations were seen in nanogels with an average thickness of 78.29 μm compared to 61.98 μm in gels, and the collagen density in nanogels was denser than in gels. The results of this research indicate that the nanogel formulation of papaya leaf ethanol extract is stable for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, low, and high temperatures. Nanogel formulations of papaya leaf ethanol extract at 5%, 7.5%, and 10% demonstrated superior wound healing efficacy than gel. The greatest burn healing efficacy in rats was exhibited by a nanogel formulation containing 10% papaya leaf ethanol extract.