Aktivitas Antibakteri Hidrolisat Protein Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa L.) Menggunakan Enzim Papain

Abstract

Background: Indonesia has a very large ocean area that provides various sources of food needed by the community, one of which is the blood clam (Anadara granosa L.) which can be found in the Indopacific from East Africa to Polynesia, Japan, Australia and along the coast of India. Blood clam (Anadara granosa L.) is a type of shellfish that has the potential and high economic value to be developed as a source of protein and minerals to meet the food needs of the Indonesian people. Degradation of proteins into peptides by enzymes will increase their biological activity, in this case bacteria. In addition, the peptide has a smaller size so that it is easier to enter and penetrate the pores on the bacterial membrane, so it has a higher antibacterial activity. Objective: This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of protein hydrolyzate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) using papain enzymes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine the effect of hydrolysis time. Method: Blood clam samples were obtained from the Medan Belawan market. Then the hydrolysis process was carried out using the papain enzyme with time variations of 0 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours. After that the protein hydrolysate is dried in the oven. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The results showed that the protein hydrolyzate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) using the papain enzyme had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of the 0 hour hydrolyzate is 100 μg/ml, the 8 hours hydrolyzate is 100 μg/ml, the 16 hour hydrolyzate is 50 μg/ml and the 24 hour hydrolyzate is 50 μg/ml. In testing the antibacterial activity of the protein hydrolyzate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus it was higher at 24 hour hydrolyzate, respectively 9.86 ± 0.15 mm and 8.60 ± 0.30 mm at a concentration of 500 g/ml. Conclusion: The protein hydrolyzate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antibacterial activity of the hydrolyzate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) was higher at 24 hours hydrolyzate.