Isolasi Senyawa Steroid dari Fraksi Aktif Akar Biduri (Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton) yang Bersifat Sitotoksik terhadap Artemill salina Leach

Abstract

The low selectivity of anticancer agents for cancerous cell prompts continuous searches for drugs with anticancer activity from the richness and biodiverse Indonesian natural resources, one of which is biduri ( Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton) of the family Asclepiadaceae. This research aim is extract characterization and isolation of chemical constituent with anticancer activity. Extraction was accomplished consequtively as solvent multistep using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Phytochemical screening and characterization was done for active extract. Separation the active extract into its components was done by gravity column chromatography. Isolation of compounds from active fraction was done by preparative thin layer chromatography. The extract and fraction were subjected to invitro cytotoxicity testing using Brine Srimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The data was processed using linear regression analysis to obtain LCso. To know the chemical compounds from active extracts, active fraction and isolate then conducted an analysis of the thin layer chromatography (TLC). Characterization of the isolate carried out by ultra violet spectrophotometry and infra red spectrophotometry. Phytochemical screening results against ethanol extract showed the saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid/steroid glycosides. The result of ethanol extract characterization gave the water content 16.64%, the water soluble extractive 62.84, the ethanol soluble extractive 81.80%, total ash value 5.42% and the acid insoluble ash value 2. 71 %. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extract have cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salina Leach with LC50 values were 58.88 ppm and 79.43 ppm. The fractination results of chromatography columns (FEI, FEII, FEIII) have cytotoxic activity with LC50 values were 8.22 ppm, 79.43 ppm and 5 .18 ppm. The characterization of the isolate AI by ultra violet spectrophotometry gave a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 280 nm and 232 nm. The characterization of the isolate AI by infra red spectrophotometry shows the presence of hydroxyl, aliphatic C-H bonds, C=O bonds, double bonds of C=C, C-O bonds, C-H bond of CH3 and CH2, supposedly isolate AI was a steroid.