Efektivitas Obat Kumur yang Mengandung Larutan Kitosan 0,5% dan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 25% dalam Menghambat Pembentukan Biofilm Oral Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract

Periodontal disease is one of a number of oral cavity infections that begins with the formation of biofilms by aerobic pathogenic bacteria, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Biofilm formation is very important in periodontitis pathogenesis. Research has reported a lot of antibacterial effectiveness from natural ingredients, one of which is chitosan and red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus), but not many have examined the effectiveness of antibiofilm. Red dragon fruit skin (H. polyrhizus) contains alkaloid, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins compounds which are expected to inhibit the formation of oral biofilm bacteria S. aureus. The mouthwash in this study is stable and meets the requirements for mouthwash, including the weight of the type, organoleptic, pH, and viscosity. The purpose of this study is to see the effectiveness of mouthwash containing chitosan solution and red dragon fruit skin extract (H. polyrhizus) against S. aureus bacteria. This research method is experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The antibiofilm test was carried out by the Microtiter Plate Biofilm Assay method. S. aureus ATCC® 25923™ uses TSBG as biofilm formation media. The 0.2% gluconate chlorhexidine mouthwash is used as a positive control and the basic of the mouthwash as a negative control. Mouthwash containing 0.5% chitosan solution and red dragon skin extract (H. polyrhizus) 25% effective in inhibiting the formation of oral biofilm bacteria S. aureus ATCC® 25923™ with a percentage of inhibition of 62,14%, but the most effective mouthwash is the 0,2% gluconate chlorhexidin mouthwash (76,51%), followed by mouthwash containing 25% red dragon skin extract (54,21%), mouthwash containing 0.5% chitosan solution (43,06%), basic mouthwash (0%), and the difference is statistically meaningful.