Eksistensi Subetnis Batak Pakpak Suak Keppas di Kecamatan Parbuluan Kabupaten Dairi (1957-2010)

Abstract

The objective of the research is to explain the history of the existence of Pakpak people, Suak Keppas and the factors which causes shifts to the existence in Parbuluan Sub-district. The research uses historical method, starting from selecting the topic, heuristic (seeking and collecting the source of history dealing with the research topic). verification (the process of testing the validity of sources through internal and external criticism to get historical facts), interpretation (uniting and explaining the interrelated historical facts), and historiography (the stages of writing history). The result of the research shows that the suck Keppas Batak Pakpak sub-ethnicity has resided in Parbuluan Sub-district since 1957. Even though the Pakpak people are indigenous, they are much fewer that the non-native Toba sub-ethnicity The use of custom, language, and land ownership decreases due to internal and external factors such as the coming of the Toba sub- ethnicity to Parbuluan Sub-district, very close to North Tapanuli, the warm welcome of this sub-ethnicity toward the newcomers, and mix- marriage. The conclusion is that the existence of the Suak Keppas of Batak Pakpak sub-ethnicity has shifted because they welcome and tend to succumb to the culture of the new comers, especially the Toba ethnicity