Pergeseran Fungsi Pemeliharaan dan Dukungan Sosial Keluarga pada Orang Tua Lanjut Usia (Studi Deskriptif Orang Tua Lanjut Usia yang Dititipkan di Yayasan Orang Tua Sejahtera GBKP)

Abstract

Dalam suatu keluarga luas, beban sosial dan ekonomi keluarga dapat ditanggung bersama antara orang tua dan anak. Sementara itu, dalam usia lanjut, tugas perawatan dan pemeliharaan orang tua dapat dilakukan oleh anak. Pada saat ini sudah ada anak atau keluarga yang menitipkan orangtuanya di panti jompo. Menitipkan orangtua di panti jompo masih dianggap cukup tabu oleh masyarakat karena dianggap sebagai tindakan yang kurang menghargai peran orangtua dan jasanya terhadap anak-anaknya. Penitipan orangtua yang sudah lansia ini lah yang menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran fungsi pemeliharaan yang awalnya dilakukan di dalam keluarga kini juga dilakukan oleh panti jompo. Dengan ini peneliti melakukan penelitian pergeseran fungsi pemeliharaan dan dukungan sosial keluarga pada orang tua lanjut usia (Studi deskriptif orang tua lanjut usia yang dititipkan di yayasan orang tua sejahtera GBKP). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan sumber data yang diperoleh dari wawancara terstruktur yang dilakukan dengan para lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo, keluarga dari lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo perawat dan juga pengurus panti jompo. Total informan adalah 17 orang yang terdiri dari 6 orang lansia, 5 orang keluarga lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo, 2 orang perawat, 1 fisioterapis, dan 1 pengurus, masyarakat umum dan pemuka agama. Sedangkan teori yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah teori struktural fungsional dan perubahan sosial. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, mayoritas lansia yang tingal di panti jompo ternyata karena pilihannya sendiri. Berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh fungsi pemeliharaan telah dijalankan dengan cukup baik di panti jompo. Disana para lansia mendapatkan perawatan, baik fisik, sosial, maupun spiritual. Disana mereka juga merasa diperhatikan dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan rohani mereka. Para lansia merasa di panti jompo aktivitas mereka lebih teratur, sementara keluarga juga merasa orang tuanya lebih terurus selama tinggal di panti jompo. Meskipun panti jompo turut ikut pelaksanakan fungsi pemeliharaan dan dukungan sosial, namun peran keluarga tidak semata mata hilang. Keluarga tetap dituntut untuk mengunjungi dan menjaga komunukasi dengan para lansia yang dititipkan di panti jompo.

In a wide family, the social and economic burden of the family can be shared between parents and children. Meanwhile, in the elderly, the care and maintenance tasks of parents can be done by the child. At this time there is already a child or family who entrusted his parents in a nursing home. Leaving parents in a nursing home is still considered quite taboo by the community because it is regarded as an act that does not appreciate the role of parents and services to their children. This elderly parent care is the cause of a shift in maintenance function that was originally done in the family is now also done by the nursing home. Herewith the researchers conducted a study of the shift in maintenance function and social support of the family in elderly parents (Descriptive study of elderly parents who were entrusted in the foundation of prosperous parents of GBKP).The research method used is qualitative, with data sources obtained from structured interviews conducted with elderly people living in nursing homes, families of elderly living in nursing home nursing and also nursing home care. Total informants were 17 people consisting of 6 elderly, 5 elderly families living in nursing home, 2 nurses, 1 physiotherapist, 1 caretaker, general public, and religion leader. While the theory used in research is the functional structural theory and social change. From the results of research that has been done, most of the elderly who lived in nursing home was because of their own choice. Based on the information obtained the maintenance function has been run fairly well in the nursing home. There the elderly get treatment, whether physical, social, and spiritual. There they also feel cared for and can meet their spiritual needs. The elderly felt in the nursing home their activities were more organized, while the family also felt his parents were more well-groomed during his stay in a nursing home. Although nursing homes participate in the implementation of maintenance and social support functions, but the role of the family is not just the eyes lost. Families are still required to visit and maintain communications with the elderly who is entrusted in the nursing home.