Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Salam terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans (In Vitro)

Abstract

Caries is the most common dental health problem in the world caused by pathogenic microorganisms, one of which is S. mutans. S. mutans bacteria is a bacterium that initiates the formation of caries. Bay leaves contain antibacterial properties such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins which can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory content (MIC) and minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of bay leaf extract at concentrations of 60, 40, 30, and 20% compared to Minosep® mouthwash (Chlorhexidine 0.2) on the growth of S. mutans ATCC ® 25175™. This type of research was purely experimental with a post test only control group design with a total sample of 30. Antibacterial effectiveness testing in this study used the diffusion method by diluting bay leaf extract with 70% ethanol solvent. The bacteria used came from pure Streptococcus mutans ATCC® 25175™ isolates using Mueller Hinton Agar as the culture medium for S. mutans bacteria. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to analyze the normality of normally distributed data if the value of p> 0.05 and the Levene test for homogeneity testing, then continued with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test because the data is not normally distributed and not homogeneous. The results of the inhibition zone studies at concentrations of 60, 40, 30, and 20%, Chlorhexidine 0.2 and negative controls with an average of 17.74 ± 0.71 mm; 16.48±0.49mm; 15.74±0.61mm; 14.08±0.75mm; 14.46±0.49mm and 0mm. The results of the calculation of the number of colonies in the concentration groups of 60, 40, 30, and 20%, Chlorhexidine 0.2; and negative control, namely 88 ± 4.74 CFU / ml, 120.2 ± 4.32 CFU / ml, 148 ± 4.30 CFU / ml, 178 ± 11.09 CFU / ml, 183.2 ± 16.26 CFU /ml, and 1507 ± 99.40 CFU / ml. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone and the number of colonies between the six groups were significant with a value of p = 0.0001, which means that there were significant differences in the variation in the concentration of bay leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans ATCC® 25175™. It was concluded that bay leaf extract has antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The largest diameter of the inhibition zone was at a concentration of 60% with an average of 17.74 ± 0.71 mm. The MIC value at a concentration of 20% has an average of 14.08 ± 0.75 mm and the MIC value cannot be determined. So the higher the concentration of bay leaf extract, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone on Streptococcus mutans bacteria because the higher the concentration of the extract, the higher the active content that works as an antibacterial.