Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) Terhadap Klebsiella pneumonia dan Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases are a major problem especially in poor and developing countries including Indonesia. The most common cause is bacterial infections such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on previous research, it is known that sungkai leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins that have potential as antibacterials. Objective: This study aims to determine the content of chemical compounds contained in the simplicity and ethanol extract of sungkai leaves and test the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of sungkai leaves against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This study was conducted with experimental methods including characterization of sungkai leaves simplicity, phytochemical screening test, extraction by reflux method using ethanol p.a and testing antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method with various concentrations. Results: The results of simplicity characterization obtained a moisture content of 9.99%, water soluble juice content of 10.28%, ethanol soluble juice content of 14.5%, total ash content of 3.829%, and acid insoluble ash content of 0.421%. Chemical compounds contained in simplicity and ethanol extracts of sungkai leaves are alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and tannins. Ethanol extract of sungkai leaves has antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against Klebsiella pneumonia at a concentration of 1.5625 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 6.4 mm and on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 1.5625 mg/mL with an inhibition zone diameter of 6.97 mm. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack.) has antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus.