Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) Terhadap Staphylococcus Epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Background: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the plant that is used as medicine, especially of its leaves because it is proven containing secondary metabolite compounds including the alkaloid group, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids that have antibacterial activity. Based on previous research, it is known that ethanol extract of sungkai leaf may inhibit the growth of some bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes are gram-positive bacteria that is known to be able causing skin infections, one of which is acne. Purpose: This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites found in simplicia and ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves and to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Methods: This research was conducted using an experimental method started by extraction using two methods, namely the reflux method, and then the phytochemical screening test, characterization, and testing the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of sungkai leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes with the agar diffusion method using paper discs. In this test, various concentrations of ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves were used, clindamycin as positive control, aquades as negative control, and DMSO solution as solvent control. Results: The simplicia characterization result obtained 9.992% water content, 10.286% water-soluble extract content, 14.505% ethanol-soluble extract content, 3.268% total ash content, and 0.274% acid-insoluble ash content. The chemical compounds contained in simplicia and ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids. Sungkai leaf ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for both bacteria at the concentration of 0.7812 mg/ml with an inhibition zone diameter of 6.93 mm for Propionibacterium acnes and 6.10 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. The effective concentration of ethanol extract of sungkai leaves on Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis was at a concentration of 100 mg/ml with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.2 mm for Propionibacterium acnes and 14.13 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: Sungkai leaf ethanol extract (Peronema canescens Jack) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes.