Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia terhadap Besar Pembukaan Mulut Maksimum Pada Anak Suku Batak Usia 6-12 Tahun

Abstract

Maximum mouth opening is the greatest distance between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors on the midline of the teeth when the mouth is maximally open without any pain in the jaw, face, and neck or other parts of the mouth. Measurement of maximum mouth opening is used as a simple but important clinical parameter during diagnosis and extra-oral examination. The maximum mouth opening size is influenced by several factors including age, gender, race, height, joint and muscle structure, facial morphology, and the size of the mandible and cranial base. Gender, age, and race in particular have an influence on the width of a person's mouth opening. This study aims to determine the relationship between sex and age on the maximum mouth opening size in Batak children aged 6-12 years. This type of research is descriptive with a cross-sectional design that measuring the maximum mouth opening in Batak children aged 6-12 years. The amount of people of this research is 60 children with 30 girls and 30 boys. Maximum mouth opening was measured using the Range of Motion Scale (TheraBite®). The data were processed univariately, that presenting data in tabular form in the form of a frequency distribution in the form of percentages and bivariately which was calculated using One Way Anova and Post Hoc LSD as well as the Independent T-test to see the effect on the two research variables. The results obtained are that the average maximum mouth opening based on gender in boys is 44.83 ± 4.19 mm. Girls have a smaller maximum mouth opening with an average of 41.40 ± 4.34 mm. The average maximum mouth opening size based on the age of 6-12 years with a total of 60 children has a value of 43.12 ± 4.57 mm. The mean maximum mouth opening size also increased significantly from 6 years to 12 years of age. This study found that there was a relationship between maximum mouth opening and gender because the p value was 0.003 (p ≤ 0.05). Another result is that there is a relationship between maximum mouth opening and age with the p value is 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05).