Pengaruh Rumah Toko dalam Memodifikasi Suhu Mikro Kota Medan

Abstract

The increasing of shop houses typology (ruko) in Medan should be anticipated by studying its effect to micro climate because it tends to be designated in insensitive way to hot humid tropical climate. As an urban area of high density buildings with . high intensity of vehicle circulation and human activity, the shop houses area would be the highest temperature space in urban area. The increasing of urban space temperature would increase the needs for energy and cost for interior cooling, increase green house gas emission and decrease urban environment quality. The research mean to study relationship between physical parameter of shop houses area - including building density, pavement, vegetation - and the increasing of micro temperature. The study located in three shop houses district, with different degree of building density, pavement and vegetation. The measuring result of micro temperature in the three shop houses district would be compared to the data of meteorological and climate station of Sampali (in the fringe of Medan city) and Polonia (close to the inner city of Medan). The result of the research shows that shop houses area with highest building density, fully paved and the most lack of vegetation is the area of highest temperature. The micro temperature becomes lower by the increasing of vegetation and the decreasing of pavement. The in situ measurement of micro temperature in the three study area shows higher temperature compared to Sampali and Polonia climate station. The one-way annova statistical analysis gives significance different of temperature of the three study area and the two climate station. The research also found that significant different of building density not always causes significant temperature different and also the higher of wind velocity not always significant in decreasing temperature. To modify micro temperature of shop houses area up to as low as optimum degree of comfort and energy savings, it is strongly recommended to increase vegetation coverage, permeable ground treatment, and building and green space ratio regulation.