Efek dan Karakterisasi Kitosan Molekul Tinggi Nanopartikel pada Pasta Gigi terhadap Penutupan Tubulus Dentin (In Vitro)

Abstract

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the dental health problems commonly found in community. Dentin hypersensitivity can occur as a result of dentin exposure due to the loss of enamel and come into contact with acid which can make the open dentinal tubules. One of dentin hypersensitivity treatment can be done by scaling the dentinal tubules with using sensitive toothpaste regularly. At this time, the toothpaste is developed from organic material and has the biological activity of natural origin such as chitosan. Commercial chitosan and non chitosan toothpastes are commonly used to close the dentinal tubules but both toothpaste can not seal the dentinal tubules well. In this study, high molecular chitosan toothpaste showed better result compared commercial chitosan and non chitosan toothpaste. This study was aimed to analyze the effects of high molecular nanoparticles chitosan toothpaste in the occlusion of dentinal tubules. The sample consisted of 24 molars extracted for odontectomy purposes and all enamel surfaces were cut until exposed dentine and then the dentin surface polished with sand paper to open dentinal tubules. Then the samples were soaked in 6% citric acid for 1 minute and put into ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes. Each sample was brushed twice a day for two minutes using an electric toothbrush for seven days. The teeth were divided into three groups. Group I was applied with commercial chitosan toothpaste, group II was applied with non chitosan toothpaste and group III was applied with high molecular nanoparticles chitosan toothpaste Occlusion of dentinal tubules was best found in group III through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Then EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) examination was performed to investigate the chemical composition at the dentin surface appliued with the toothpaste. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD to qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate significant differences in the three toothpastes (p≤ 0.05). Chemical composition of high molecular nanoparticle chitosan toothpaste has the highest calcium content by X SD (35 583 0.647) so that it can stimulate the formation of chitosan hydroxyapatite and its nanoparticle size can also speed up the occlusion of the dentinal tubules. From this study it showes that the nanoparticle chitosan toothpaste can be used as a toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity because it can occlude the dentinal tubules much better.