Sintesis dan Karakteristik Katalis Nano-CaO/SiO2 Dengan Impregnasi Basah dari Cangkang Telur Ayam dan Abu Boiler Kelapa Sawit pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit

Abstract

In this research, waste chicken eggshell and palm oil mill boiler ash was utilized as heterogeneous solid base catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. Utilization of solid waste as a catalyst source can increase economic value and is an environmentally friendly process. The aim of this research was to investigate catalyst characterization and the effectiveness nano-CaO/SiO2 catalyst for biodiesel synthesis using palm oil. Waste chicken eggshell was synthesized to nano- CaO by calcination-hydration–dehydration (C-H-D) process and subsequently impregnated with silica. Silica was extracted from palm oil mill boiler using citric acid 2%. Nano-CaO was impregnated with various silica concentration (10– 50%b/b) and various calcination temperature (60°C - 90°C) followed by drying and calcination. Biodiesel synthesis using palm oil was conducted at 60°C, 15:1 methanol ratio and 500 rpm. It also conducted with various % catalyst (2-5% b/b) and time reaction (60-180 min). Catalyst characterization was analyzed with PSA, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, SEM-EDX, XRF, BET-BJH and basicity. Methyl ester content was analyst by Gas Chromatography (GC). Average particle size of nano CaO is 24.98 nm. At 800°C the calcination temperature has the highest surface area of 21.483 m2 /g with average pore size of 5.331 nm and pore volume of 0.057 cc/g. In addition, nano-CaO/SiO2 has high bacisity, which is 8 mmol/g. The maximum yield was achieved with 20% b/b silica concentration and 800°C temperature calcinationn, which is 97% methyl ester content. Biodiesel properties such as density, viscosity, and methyl ester content is specified with SNI. Heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste chicken eggshell and palm oil mill boiler ash have high potential source as solid base catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. Heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste chicken eggshell and palm oil mill boiler ash have high potential source as solid base catalysts in biodiesel production. And palm biodiesel using solid base catalyst, nano CaO/SiO2, can be categories as biodiesel fuel.