Kajian Pemanfataan Ampas Tebu Sebagai Adsorben pada Limbah Cair PG. Kwala Madu

Abstract

Kwala Madu Sugar Factory (PGKM) is a sugar factory owned by Holding Perkebunan Nusantara which is located in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, with a capacity of 4,000 TCD. The operation of the factory has an impact on the solid and liquid waste produced. The aim of this study was to examine the utilization of activated charcoal from bagasse using H3PO4, KOH, and NaCl as activators to adsorb Chemical Oxygend Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of PGKM wastewater. The first stage was carbonized using a furnace at various temperatures of 250, 300 and 350 oC for 1 hour. The best charcoal samples were used for activation using variations of 85% H3PO4, 2.5M KOH, and 2.5M NaCl with a ratio of 1:10 with 400 rpm rotation and 80 oC temperature for 30 minutes. The best activated charcoal samples were then used to adsorb COD, BOD and TSS levels with variations in the amount of adsorbent 1, 3 and 5 g/100 ml and adsorption temperature variations of 30 and 42 oC. The parameters used were activated charcoal yield, proximate analysis, iodine number analysis using the titration method, surface area analysis using the Bruanauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, microscopy analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and analysis of % removal of COD, BOD and TSS. At the stage of making charcoal the best carbonization temperature is at 250 oC with a yield of 32.56%. The best iodine number is 1,364.75 mg/g 2.5M NaCl activator and 250 °C carbonization temperature. The surface area of activated charcoal from bagasse with activator NaCl was 37.2475 m2/g, the specific volume was 0.0254 cc/g and the pore size was 1.6961 nm. In the adsorption stage the best COD removal was 1 g/100 ml of adsorbent and 42 °C of 69.23%, the best of BOD removal was 78.59% of 1 g/100 ml of adsorbent at 42 °C, and TSS removal the best in the amount of adsorbent 3 g/100 ml at 42 °C and 97.06%