Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Superabsorben Polimer Berbasis Karboksimetil Selulosa dan Hidroksietil Selulosa dengan Agen Pengikat Silang Divinil Sulfon

Abstract

This research discusses the manufacturing process and characterization of superabsorbent (SAP) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with divinyl sulfone as a crosslinking agent. This study used a fixed variable, namely the divinyl sulfone with the concentration is 0.04 M, while the independent variable in this study was the ratio of carboxymethyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose (1: 1; 3: 1; 5: 1; 7: 1, and 9: 1). Superabsorbent polymer was prepared by first mixing HEC and CMC with a mass ratio of 2 g: 2 g; 1g: 3g; 0.6g: 3.3g; 0.5 g: 3.5 g: 0.4 g: 3.6 g and heated at 90 oC. Then added divinyl sulfone as a crosslinking agent with a concentration of 0.04 M. The next step was the addition of 1 M KOH, then allowed to stand for 6 hours. Then soaked with distilled water. The resulting gel is dried with acetone. The films formed were smoothed and characterized by water absorption, degree of cross-linking, FTIR, DSC, and TGA tests. The results of water absorption with an optimum value are found in the SAP CMC:HEC 7:1 4% which is 2760% with a cross-linkage percentage ratio of 72.50%. The results of the FTIR spectrum test showed the formation of superabsorbent polymers on SAP CMC:HEC 7:1 4% in the presence of –OH groups at a wavelength of 3220.4 cm-1 and –COO groups at a wavelength of 1416.3 cm-1 . The results of the thermogram on thermal analysis using DSC produce the value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) SAP is between Tg CMC and HEC which is 126.71 oC where Tg CMC is 148.56 oC and Tg HEC is at 151.68 oC which indicates that the content has been mixed between the two samples. In the TGA analysis for the CMC sample it left a residue of 34.7% of the initial mass and a mass loss of 65.2%, and for the optimum SAP sample the initial mass loss was 69.35% and left a residue of 30.65% of the initial mass.