Profil Metabolit Sekunder Secara Lc-Hrms, Aktivitas Antimutagenik dan Teratogenik Nanoherbal Buah Kemloko (Phyllanthus emblica L.)

Abstract

Mutation is a change in the nucleotide arrangement. An indicator of mutation is the presence of a micronucleus. Micronucleus are the result of mutations from intact chromosomes that are broken and then appear as small nuclei in a cell. The use of traditional medicine by pregnant women must be wary of. Some natural ingredients from traditional medicine that are often consumed by pregnant women have an oxytoxic effect. Indonesia is rich in various types of plants, both for preventing and treating disease. One of the plants that has antioxidant activity is kemloko (Phyllanthus emblica L.). This study aims to determine the antimutagenic activity and teratogenic effects and profiling secondary metabolite of kemloko fruit nanoherbal (Phyllanthus emblica l.) by LC-HRMS. This study began with the manufacture of kemloko fruit nanoherbal. Antimutagenic testing was carried out by giving 0.5% CMC-Na after induced cyclophosphamide solution of 50 mg/kgbw as a negative control, for the treatment, kemloko fruit nanoherbal were given to male mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw after being induced with 50 mg/kgbw cyclophosphamide solution and 0.5% CMC-Na as normal control. Antimutagenic activity was indicated by a decrease in the number of micronuclei in every 200 polychromatic erythrocytes in the femur bone marrow smear preparations of mice. For the teratogenic test, CMC-Na 0.5% was given as a control, kemloko fruit nanoherbal at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw and 1000 mg/kg bw as the test group and gabapentin 50 mg/kg bw as a positive control, the test preparation was given daily on the 6th day to the 15th day of gestation, on the 19th day the animals were dissected and then external and skeletal malformations were observed. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA method followed by a post-hoc tukey test using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The results of the antimutagenic test showed that the average number of micronuclei per 200 Polychoromatyc Erythrocyte (PCE) cells in the negative control group, doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw and the normal control group were 136.8 ± 6.591, respectively; 71.2 ± 3.611; 47.6 ± 3.187; 16.8 ± 2.059 and 0 ± 0. Statistical analysis results showed that the reduction in the number of micronuclei per 200 PCE cells was significantly different from the negative control (p<0,05). It can be concluded that the kemloko fruit nanoherbal has antimutagenic activity. In the teratogenic test, the kemloko fruit nanoherbal caused a teratogenic effect on the fetus during the organogenesis period, indicated by the presence of hemorrhage and abnormalities in the number of sternum at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw. In the kemloko fruit nanoherbal based on the results of identification by LC-HRMS there are secondary metabolites including flavonoids (quercetin and myricitin), phenols (kojic acid, ellagic acid and coumaric acid), vitamins (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and choline) and alkaloids (trigonelline).