Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Curcuma Spp untuk Mengatasi Resistansi Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Abstract

Infectious disease is one of the world's major problems in the health sector, especially in Indonesia. This is due to the high rate of antibacterial resistance. Antibacterials cannot work optimally if resistance occurs. from Curcuma sp rhizomes can grow well and are abundant in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of five types of simplicia Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.), Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.), Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe), and Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant bacteria. The ethanol extract of Curcuma sp rhizome was obtained by maceration. Antibacterial test using microdilution broth against P.aeruginosa resistant bacteria with an initial concentration of 500 μg/ml. Resistant bacteria were measured for their biofilm formation using crystal violet. Test the synergistic effect using the checkerboard assay. Then the membrane permeability test was carried out with OD 260 nm and OD 590 nm measurements. Test the efflux pump by measuring the accumulation of EtBr. SEM measurements to see the morphology of resistant bacteria P.aeruginosa. As well as using a negative control ratio (DMSO 0.5%) and teracyclinic antibiotics. Turmeric ethanol extract (125 μg/ml), Temulawak ethanol extract (250 μg/ml), and Temu Mangga ethanol extract (125 μg/ml) showed antibacterial activity. Temulawak ethanol extract had the best antibacterial activity so that the biofilm formation on P.aeruginosa decreased ten times compared to the other five ethanol extracts. The combination of temulawak and tetracycline antibiotics gave synergistic results with a FICI value of 0.06. Then it can be bacteriolytic and inhibit efflux pump in the combination of temulawak and tetracycline with a concentration of 7.8 μg/ml and 1.9 μg/ml with the highest fluorescence value at the fifteenth minute. In the test group there was a significant difference in the negative control on the membrane permeability test and the efflux pump test.