Pemanfaatan Pati Talas Beneng (Xantoshoma Undipes K. Koch) Pada Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dengan Plasticizer Gliserol dan Karakterisasinya

Abstract

Study has been conducted on Biodegradable plastic made from talas beneng starch (Xantoshoma Undipes K. Koch) and chitosan with glycerol plasticizer using ratio of starch and chitosan with variations of 30%:70%; 40%:60%; 50%:50%; 60%:40%; dan 70%:30%. Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterizations were performed on the Biodegradable plastic made from talas beneng starch. The results of the physical characteristics showed the highest thickness value of 0.234 mm in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 70%:30% with 80% glycerol plasticizer, the highest density value of 1,674 g/cm3 in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 70%:30% with 100% glycerol plasticizer, and the lowest water absorption value of 20.51% in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 30%:70% with 100% glycerol plasticizer. The results of the mechanical property characterization showed the highest tensile strength value of 1.6104 MPa in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 60%:40% with 80% glycerol plasticizer, and the highest elongation value of 98.3880% in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 60%:40% with 100% glycerol plasticizer. The microstructural characterization of the Biodegradable plastics showed SEM results indicating a relatively even surface structure with a black color, which indicates a good mixture of starch, chitosan, and glycerol. The FT-IR results showed the presence of the same functional groups as the components of the Biodegradable plastic, namely O-H, C-H, and N-H. The biodegradability test of the Biodegradable plastics showed the highest biodegradation value of 75% in the variation of talas beneng starch : chitosan of 30%:70% with 100% glycerol plasticizer during 28 days of planting