Analisis Distribusi Tegangan dan Rasa Sakit pada Kondisi Linggir Datar Rahang Bawah dengan Berbagai Skema Oklusi Gigi Tiruan Lengkap dan Arah Beban Pengunyahan Menggunakan Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

The number of edentulous patients is still increasing in developing countries and this needs to be a concern because tooth loss is irreversible and has an impact not only on physical changes but also on health in general, which results in a decrease in quality of life. Denture fabrication aims to replace the missing teeth and supporting structures as an effort to overcome the problems that may arise. However, dentures have different supports than natural teeth, and these differences become more significant when the alveolar ridges become smaller due to the resorption process. The resorbed alveolar ridge or also known as a flat ridge, can cause pain or even accelerate the resorption process when the ridge receives a masticatory load that exceeds the pressure-pain threshold (PPT). It is believed that the selection of bilateral balanced occlusal scheme provides a natural appearance and has good masticatory efficiency, but there are more possibilities for interferences to occur during lateral movements. Efforts to reduce interferences can be achieved by using other occlusal schemes such as lingualized and monoplane, although this can affect the aesthetic appearance and ability of mastication. In order to analyze the phenomenon occurs in the mucosa of the flat ridge under the denture with various occlusal schemes, the researchers conducted a test using finite element analysis (FEA) on the scan results of the mandibular flat ridge model with three dentures that were given axial and oblique loads, and then the resulting stress distribution is compared with the PPT value. The test results showed that the bilateral balanced, lingualized, and monoplane occlusal scheme produced stress distribution that did not exceed the PPT when receiving a load of 100 N directed axially. However, when the load was directed obliquely, the bilateral balanced occlusal scheme with a resultant load of 119 N produced stress distribution that exceeded the PPT in more areas compared to that which occurred using lingualized occlusal scheme with a resultant load of 106 N. This study provides a more detailed description of the phenomenon on how the masticatory load is distributed under the condition of a flat edge under the denture with various occlusal schemes, hence the results of this study further strengthen the existing theoretical basis and also provide clinical implications regarding the selection of lingualized as an ideal occlusal scheme in the fabrication of dentures for flat ridge conditions.