Analisis Distribusi Tegangan pada Jaringan Periodontal Berdasarkan Ketinggian Primary Crown dan Space dengan Secondary Crown pada Gigi Tiruan Teleskop Menggunakan Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Loss of teeth in part requires medical treatment which is with the manufacture dental prothesa. The remaining dental examination to find out the condition of the periodontal tissue and the occlusion of the remaining teeth is crucial in the success of partial dentistry. One of the removable denture designs for partially edentulous patients accompanied by problems with the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth is a telescopic denture, which is a periodontal prosthesis. Telescopic denture consists of a primary crown (PC) that is cemented into the tooth and precisely fitted secondary Crown. (SC). There are two types of telescopic crowns: rigid (defined as having no fit clearance or space between the PC and SC) and classified as cylindrical and conus/conical; and non-rigid (defined as having a space between the PC and SC) and classified as the Marburg, Hoffman and Ludwig as well as the Yalisove design. The telescope will produce a retention force (RF) between PC and SC when the telescopic crown is removed. The retentive force on the TC can be influenced by various factors, one of which is the height of the PC and the width of the space with the SC. The retentive force is the ability to resist the removal force received by the abutment teeth when the telescopic denture is removed. At the time the telescope's abutment tooth receives a removal force, the TC tooth will receive the tension and distribute it to the periodontal tissue, which can increase the tensile stress (stress) on the tooth. The load distribution received by the periodontal tissue can be analyzed using the finite element analysis method (FEA). The use of FEA is the only way to obtain a solution to the basic calculation of stress and strain on a structure. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of tension on the periodontal with the difference of PC heights and spaces SCs on the telescopic denture using FEA. Nine virtual models of lower jaw premolar teeth, primary crowns with heights of 3mm, 4mm, and 6mm; secondary crowns with the presence of space with primary crowns of 0 μm, 50 μm and 100 μm; which were constructed on computer software and imported into the ANSYS program. The model was then given a removal force of 5 N, and then the stress distribution of each TC design and the differences between the TC designs were analyzed in FEA. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the stress distribution on the periodontium between the height of the PC with different spaces and the space with SC and the height with different PCs. The stress distribution (Von Mises) increases with the increase in PC height and decrease in space with SC. The lowest von Mises stress values are seen at PC height 3 mm and space with SC 100 μm (0,087343 MPa), and the highest Von Mises stress values are seen on PC height 6 mm and space with SC 0 μm (0,088837 MPa). In the case of teeth with a 3mm PC height (short clinical height), increasing RF can be achieved by reducing the taper angle and space between PC and SC. In the case of a weak abutment tooth, to reduce the tension on the periodontal tissue, the dentist can increase the space between PC and SC or reduce the height of PC.