Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) terhadap Ekspresi Gen URAT1 dan GLUT9 pada Tikus Wistar Model Hiperurisemia

Abstract

Hyperuricemia can occur because uric acid levels in the blood exceed normal limits. Where uric acid itself is the end product of purine metabolism in the body. Prolonged hyperuricemia will lead to gout, the consequences of the disease will be detrimental to the patient because it causes difficulty in activity, complications of hyperuricemia in the long term can lead to persistent pain and disability due to joint deformities, fractures, or nerve compression, with a negative influence on sexual function. About 70% of uric acid is excreted through the kidneys, while the gastrointestinal tract removes 30%. Uric acid reabsorption that occurs diginjal by URAT1 and GLUT9 has an important role in uric acid levels in the human body. This study aims at how the effect of melinjo peel (Gnetum gnemon) ethanol extract on the expression of URAT1 and GLUT9 genes in Wistar mouse hyperuricemia model. This research is a quasi-experimental study using stored biological material in the form of kidney organs from Wistar rats made to be hyperuricemia. Rats were grouped into 4 groups consisting of 3 control groups, namely no treatment, CMC, and allopurinol and 1 treatment group with ethanol extract of melinjo peel. Examination of gene expression using RT-PCR. The results showed that there was a decrease in URAT1 and GLUT9 gene expression compared to the control group, CMC, and allopurinol. The results showed a significant decrease (p= 0.02), and there was a positive and strong association in the reduction of uric acid levels with URAT1 gene expression in the ethanol extract group of melinjo peel. The decrease of uric acid in the ethanol extract group of melinjo peel was influenced by URAT1 as much as 62.4%. While in this study it was found that the decrease in uric acid levels in the group with ethanol extract of melinjo skin was not influenced by GLUT9.