Refleksi Tradisi Merantau Masyarakat Minangkabau pada Novel-Novel Karya Hamka

Abstract

This dissertation aims to (1) explain the causal factors, purpose, and types of out­ migration tradition in Minangkabau society depicted in the novel of Tenggelamnya Kapa/ Van der Wijck (TKVdW) and Out-migration ke Deli (MkD) by Hamka, (2) explain the social reality of out-migration tradition in Minangkabau society depicted during the era of TKVdW and 11,fkD novels, and (3) analyze and explain the language power and language value found in every utterance of out-migration tradition in Minangkabau society in TKVdW and MkD novels. The research employs sociological approach of literature supported by individual interviews in order to achieve the first and second research pwposes using qualitative research. To achieve the third research purpose, pragmatic approach is used. Data are gathered from the literatures and interviews then analyzed using Genetic Structuralism theory by Lucien Goldmann to find out the reality of out-migration tradition in the novel and social reality in the real world. The theory of speech act is employed to find out the power and value of language containing in the utterances through intra lingual and extra lingual elements. The research result indicates that (1) the tradition of out-migration in Minangkabau society depicted in TKVdW and MkD occurs due to some causal factors, purpose, and types of out-migration. The causal factors are namely factors of economy, education, city attraction, and social. The purposes of out-migration are namely to find wealth or better living, to study, and as a form of a cultural mission. A cultural mission is carried out by transferring the money to their hometown. However, the purpose of out­ migration as to look for new experience is not described. The types ofout-migration tradition are out-migration keliling (temporary migration) and out-migration cino (permanent migration). Temporary migration is dominantly conducted by prominent people. The work structure, humanity factor, collective subject, and the author perspective which is also the Minangkabau perspective is described vividly in both novels; (2) the social reality of out­ migration tradition in Minangkabau society is contributed by causa{ factors , purpose, and types of out-migration. In the social reality, out-migration is carried out due to the factors of economy, education, city attraction, politic, and social. The purpose of out-migration is to find wealth, study, and get new experiences as well as for cultural mission. In the reality, types of out-migration are out-migration pemekaran nagari (migrating to expand new territory), out-migration keliling and out-migration cino. The research result indicates that only out-migration keliling and out-migration cino are still conducted in the era of the novel. The tradition of out-migration depicted in TKVdW and MkD novels clearly reflects the social reality of out-migration in Minangkabau society (3) the language power found in the utterance of out-migration tradition in both novels consists the powers of information, command , and critic. The language value found in the found in both novels are various consisting of the values of happiness with the variation of cheerful feeling, disappointment, toughness and sadness.