Prevalensi Risiko dan Hubungan Konsep Oklusi dengan Status Gangguan Sendi Temporomandibula pada Pasien Pemakai Gigi Tiruan Lengkap di RSGM USU

Abstract

Temporomandibula joint disorder (TMD) is a complex and multifactorial condition. Tooth loss can cause TMD. Changes in temporomandibula joint load will increase with tooth loss. Complete edentulus treatment using a complete denture (complete denture) can minimize TMD. However, complete denture-wearing patients can also experience TMD. The relationship between the concept of occlusion and TMD is said to contribute to the occurrence of TMD. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the concept of occlusion and the TMD status of complete denture-wearing patients at USU. The type of research is cross-sectional analytic observational. A total of 48 samples were divided based on the occlusion concept, namely bilateral balanced occlusion, lingualized occlusion and monoplane occlusion. Subjects were interviewed with Fonseca Anamnestic Index and clinical examination with Dysfunction Index. To get high or low risk results, the subjects were interviewed with the TMD Etiology Index questionnaire. The results showed that as many as 31 people (64.6%) were at low risk, and 17 people (35.4%) were at high risk based on the occlusion concept, showing that subjects with high risk with the highest prevalence were bilateral balanced occlusion 56.2%, and followed by monoplane occlusion and lingualized occlusion each by 25.0%. The results also showed that the joint disorder status of 32 people (66.6%) out of 48 subjects did not have TMD and 16 people (33.3%) had TMD where based on the concept of occlusion, subjects with TMD with the highest prevalence were bilateral balanced occlusion which was 48,3% %, followed by lingualized occlusion of 37,5 % and monoplane occlusion of 18,8%. Based on the results of the Chi-Square test of the relationship between the concept of occlusion and TMD status, a value of p = 0.296 was obtained, namely there was no relationship between the concept of occlusion of dentures and TMD status. In this study, although there was no relationship between the concept of complete denture occlusion and TMD, it was seen that the highest tendency of TMD in bilateral balanced occlusion was 43.8%, this is because the tooth transmission pressure that occurs in bilateral balanced occlusion is higher than other occlusion concepts.