Polimorfisme Gen Leptin -2548G>A(RS7799039) dan Gen Ghrelin LEU72MET(RS696217) pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 di Kota Medan

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion and insulin action or both which can be caused by environmental influences in the form of lifestyle, wrong eating patterns, lack of exercise, work, and recently discovered a variation or polymorphism in the leptin gene -2548G>A (rs7799039) and the ghrelin gene leu72met (rs696217). This study aimed to determine the expression of the leptin gene polymorphism -2548G>A and the ghrelin leu72met gene. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional writing design in which the measurements and observations of research subjects were from 120 type 2 DM patients at 3 Public health centers in Medan City simultaneously at a certain time. Sampling was carried out with inclusion and exclusion criteria using a purposive sampling method with a sample size using the Lameshow and Lwanga formulas with Sample Size Determination Software. To analyze the polymorphisms of the leptin -2548G>A gene and the ghrelin leu72met gene, the PCR-RFLP technique was used at the USU integrated laboratory, three genotypes were found at the polymorphism of the leptin -2548G>A gene and the ghrelin leu72met gene, namely the AA, GA and GG genotypes. The results showed that the age range of 51-60 years and women mostly suffer from type 2 DM and are dominated by the Batak ethnicity. The genotype that experienced polymorphism was the GA genotype. Conclusion: according to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) calculations on the leptin gene -2548G>A and the ghrelin leu72met gene, it was found that there was no significant difference between the observed and expected allele and genotype frequencies, so more extensive research is needed in one population in an area where inhabited by only one ethnic group.