Isolasi dan Profil Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) oleh Kapang Endofit Asal Pneumatofor Avicennia alba

Abstract

Mangrove forests and their vegetation are important ecosystems for the protection of terrestrial habitats in coastal areas, with high inputs of C and N sources. The mangrove ecosystem is a hotspot for biodiversity, especially microorganisms that are tolerant to salinity and capable of adapting to dynamic environments. This study aims to investigate the ability of endophytic fungal isolates from Avicennia alba pneumatophores, with the hope of obtaining potential isolates as producers of bioactive compounds. The results of the study obtained 9 types (morphotypes) of endophytic fungi with high diversity based on the frequency of each isolate's presence per analyzed sample fragment ecologically. The effective number of samples (fragments) in obtaining the maximum number of fungal species can be increased to 20 based on rarefaction analysis. The phenol production on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDA) fermentation medium for 14 days varied, with a negative correlation between phenol production and media pH at the end of fermentation. Four endophytic fungal isolates, namely Trichothecium crotocinigenum (P2P3), Lasiodiplodia avicenniae (P2P4), Chaetomium sp.1 (P2P5), and Chaetomium sp.2 (P2P7), produced the most potential antifungal compounds against the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in vitro through the poison food method. The GC-MS analysis showed three conservative compounds, namely acetic acid, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-Pyran-4-one (DDMP), and hexadecanoic acid, as characteristic compounds of the endophytic fungal isolates from A. alba with bioactive properties through literature review and descriptive analysis.