Prarancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Fenol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Kapasitas 20.000 Ton/ Tahun dan Tugas Khusus: Rancangan Keteknikan Detail Rotary Dryer

Abstract

Phenol or carbolic acid with the chemical formula C6H5OH is a clear liquid with a distinctive odor and has a hydroxyl group structure (-OH) bonded to a phenyl ring which is also an aromatic compound. The potential of phenol which has uses as raw materials and supports the chemical industry, makes the use of phenol widely used, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, an effort is needed so that phenol production can be fulfilled by establishing a phenol factory in Indonesia. The making of this phenol factory uses the main raw material of EFB, which is obtained from waste from palm oil production by palm oil processing companies, where TKKS is able to produce phenol from fast pyrolysis results as much as 56.84%. The first process carried out is the Pre-Treatment process of EFB raw materials where the raw materials are crushed until smooth using a shredder and screen to produce a EFB particle size of 2-5 mm to facilitate the fast pyrolysis process. Furthermore, the water content in EFB is removed using a rotary dryer by utilizing hot air from heat exchanger I (HE-201). After that, a fast pyrolysis process is carried out using a fluidized bed reactor where TKKS will produce bio-oil from the condensation of gas from the reactor. The gases and char from the fluidized bed reactor are then separated by cyclone followed by using a knock out drum. The non condensed gases are flowed into the Sewage Treatment Unit (UPL). While the condensed gases are further processed by the phenol extraction process with process water as a solvent using a mixer (M-201). The process ends with phenol purification using a double effect evaporator to separate phenol from water (solvent) to be stored in phenol product storage tanks. The design of a factory for the manufacture of phenol from empty palm oil bunches is planned to produce with a production capacity of 20,000 tons / year and operate for 330 days in one year. The factory location is planned in Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra, precisely in Dolok Masihul District, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The land area required for the establishment of the factory is 24,024 m2 . The plant's utility water needs will be supplied from the snake river as much as 35,498.857 kg/hour. The planned corporate organizational form is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a total number of employees of 200 people.Hasil analisis aspek ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Capital Investment (CI) : Rp 291.824.791.955,436 2. Total Cost (TC) : Rp 248.742.175.449,597 3. Profit Margin (PM) : 44,05% 4. Break Event Point (BEP) : 42,35% 5. Return On Investment (ROI) : 31,82% 6. Pay Out Time (POT) : 3,14 tahun 7. Return On Network (RON) : 54,24% 8. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 28,08% on the results of the analysis of economic aspects, it can be concluded that the " a Factory for Manufacturing Phenol from Palm Oil Empty Bunches with a Capacity of 20,000 Tons / Year" is feasible to be established.