Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Bioetanol 99,5% (Fuel Grade Ethanol) dari Nira Nipah (Nypa Fructicans) dengan Kapasitas 17.500 Ton/ Tahun dan Tugas Khusus: Rancangan Keteknikan Detail Kolom Distilasi

Abstract

One alternative utilization of the nipa plant is to make it as a raw material for producing bioethanol. The glucose contained in the nipa sap can produce bioethanol with an alcohol content of 99,5% (Fuel Grade Ethanol). The preliminary plant design of bioethanol from nipa sap by the fermentation process has a production capacity of 17.500 tons/year and operates for 330 days a year. The main process in this plant design consists of three stages, namely the raw material pretreatment stage, the product formation stage, and the product purification stage. In fermentation stage, 4 units of fermentation reactors were used which operated at 30°C for 32 hours. The amount of nipa sap needed to achieve annual production capacity is 106.405,90 tonnes/year. The specific task was solved for the detailed engineering design of a distillation column for bioethanol purification. The distillation column that has been designed has the following specifications: • Number of trays : 30 trays • Feed-in tray : Tray 10th from the bottom • Distillation column height : 15,50 m • Diameter of distillation column : 0,69 m • Distillation column shell material : Carbon steel SA-283 grade C • Distillation column shell thickness: 3/16 in • Distillation column head thickness : 3/16 in • Distillation column tray material : Carbon Steel Manufacturing bioethanol from nipa sap by the fermentation process is planned to be built in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province, with a total plant area of 19.3332 m2. The water requirement for this plant is supplied from the Asahan River as much as 130.556.71 kg/batch. The planned company organizational form is Perseroan Terbatas (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure, and a total of 150 employees. The results of the economic analysis on this preliminary plant design are as follows:  Capital Investment (CI) = IDR 592,286,550,974  Total Cost (TC) = IDR 400,878,035,516  Profit Margin (PM) = 21.28 %  Break Even Point (BEP) = 44.71 %  Return on Investment (ROI) = 20.74 %  Return On Network (RON) = 34.56 %  Pay Out Time (POT) = 4 years 3 months  Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 27.62 % Based on the results of economic analysis, it can be concluded that the bioethanol manufacturing plant from nipa sap with a fermentation process is feasible to establish.