Pengaruh Pemanasan dengan Menggunakan Microwave pada Proses Isolasi Nanokristal Selulosa dari Ampas Tebu Sebagai Pengisi Bioplastik Pati Jagung dengan Penambahan Minyak Serai Sebagai Antimikroba

Abstract

Bagasse is an agricultural industry waste produced from the extraction process of sugarcane plants and has a high cellulose content. The cellulose content contained in bagasse can be used as a source of raw material in the manufacture of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The preparation of NCC was carried out by isolating cellulose contained in bagasse using microwave and sulfuric acid hydrolysis (30, 35, and 40%). The characteristics of NCC produced were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) to see the functional groups present in NCC, XRD (x-ray diffraction) to see the crystallinity index of NCC, PSA (Particle size analyzer), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to see the morphology of NCC distribution, FE-SEM (Field Emission Electron Microscopy), Thermo Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test to see the thermal value of biocomposites, biodegradable tests, and activation tests on microbes. The best NCC was produced using 40% sulfuric acid concentration with a crystallinity index and pore size of 82.19% and 44 nm, FTIR analysis where the peak spectrum of the lignin group decreased indicating the removal of lignin and hemicellulose content, on FE-SEM agglomerates were seen. The best tensile strength and elongation at break analysis results obtained in bioplastics with 6% NCC are 8.829 MPa and 13.875%. The percentage of mass loss at Tmax is 379.21 oC and 81%. The best value in the biodegradation analysis of planting in soil is the biocomposite with 6% NCC. There was no bacterial growth in the biocomposite added with lemongrass oil and the SEM showed that the surface of the biocomposite was slightly rough due to agglomeration.