Ritual Pembuatan dan Teknik Permainan Sarune Pakpak oleh Mardi Boangmanalu di Desa Aornakan II Pergetteng-Getteng Sengkut Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat

Abstract

This research discusses the ritual of making and the playing technique of the Pakpak sarune by Mardi Boangmanalu. The purpose of this research is to describe the ritual of making the Pakpak sarune, describe the playing technique of the Pakpak sarune, and analyze the repertoire used in playing the Pakpak sarune. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method, employing several approaches, including data collection through fieldwork, interviews, observations, documentation, and laboratory work. In discussing the ritual of making, the playing technique, and analyzing the repertoire of the Pakpak sarune, the author utilizes Dhavamony's Theory of magical action in the use of materials believed to possess mystical or supernatural powers, Kashima Susumu's Theory of measuring and illustrating musical instruments in terms of their construction and playing techniques, William P. Malm's Theory and Prier's Theory in analyzing the structure and form of music through musical notation transcription. The research findings reveal that the process of making the Pakpak sarune belongs to the category of magical action rituals involving the use of materials believed to possess mystical or supernatural powers, aimed at achieving certain effects or results through spiritual influence or supernatural power. The Pakpak sarune is a musical instrument classified as an aerophone, made of enggecih bdeleng wood (a type of resinous wood) and played by blowing into it using a double-reed mouthpiece (quart double). In the Pakpak community, the Pakpak sarune is used in joyous ceremonies (kerja mbaik) and mourning ceremonies (kerja njahat). One of the repertoires used in playing the Pakpak sarune is the "pertangis ikan" repertoire, which is a metaphor that depicts the sadness trapped in difficulties and obstacles, hindering freedom and comfort in daily life, and portraying the unfairness of life situations that humans must face. The melodic scale used in the "pertangis ikan" repertoire is the A major pentatonic scale, consisting of the notes A-C#-D-E-G# (Do-Mi-Fi-Sol-Si/No-La-Le-Ni-Na).