Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) terhadap Bakteri Isolat Klinis Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract

Background: Skin infections are very disturbing and can cause various clinical manifestations. One of the bacteria that can cause skin infections is Staphylococcus epidermidis. Andaliman fruit essential oil is known to have antibacterial activity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of essential oil of andaliman fruit against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Method: Andaliman fruit essential oil was isolated by water distillation method. Characterization of essential oils includes determining the density, determining the refractive index, and component analysis using GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was tested against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis using the disc diffusion method. Results: The results showed that the essential oil of andaliman fruit had a yield of 1.77 ± 0.19%, a density of 0.8621 ±0.0004 g/ml, and a refractive index of 1.466±0.0001. The results of the analysis using GC-MS showed that there were 15 components of chemical compounds namely Limonene (35.53%), Geranyl acetate (32.92%), Citronella (14.42%), Linalool (4.22%), Alpha-pinene (3.10%), E-Citral (3.01%), Trans-β-Ocimene (2.75%), Z-Citral (1.14%), 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one (0.58%), beta-Myrcene (0.55%), Citronellyl acetate (0.46%), 2-Propenoic acid, 3- phenyl-, methyl ester (0.46%), Sabinene (0.30%), trans-Caryophyllene (0.29%), dan Germacrene-D (0.25%). The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that there was a diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 25% with an average of 19.8 ± 2.08 mm; 12,5% (13.6 ± 1.15 mm); 6,25% (11.4 ± 0.6 mm); 3,125% (10.3 ± 0.4 mm); 1,56% (9.8 ± 0.06 mm); 0,78% (9.3 ± 0.52 mm). Conclusion: Andaliman fruit essential oil has a density of 0.8621 ±0,0004 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.466 ± 0.0001, 15 chemical compounds, and has antibacterial activity against clinical isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 25%; 12.5%; 6.25%; 3.125%; 1.56%; and 0.78%.