Pengaruh Penambahan Pengisi Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Pati Biji Durian (durio zibethinus) dengan Plasticizer Propilen Glikol (PG)

Abstract

The manufacture of bioplastics made from durian seed starch as a polymer matrix with the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler and propylene glycol as a plasticizer has been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding CMC to the mechanical properties of bioplastics including tensile strength, elongation at break, functional groups with FT-IR, surface morphology, structure and composition with SEM-EDX. Starch is a bioplastic raw material extracted from durian seeds by drying using a microwave and then characterized to determine its chemical composition. The bioplastic manufacturing method used in this study is the casting method. Variations in CMC concentrations carried out were 0%; 10%; 20%; 30% and 40% (w/v), and tests were carried out on the physical and chemical properties of bioplastics. The best bioplastic condition was at 30% CMC concentration with a tensile strength value of 17.524 MPa, the highest elongation properties at break were obtained at 0% CMC concentration of 37.96%. From the results of the FT-IR test, it can be seen that the C=O group and the OH group in bioplastics are due to the addition of CMC and Propylene glycol. Data on mechanical properties is supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) which shows that bioplastics with CMC as a filler and propylene glycol plasticizer have a smooth, soft and dense fracture surface.