Pengaruh Delignifikasi pada Pengisi dengan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Papan Partikel dari Resin Poliester Berpengisi Serat Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

The use of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and oil palm frond (OPF) fiber as particle board is one of the efforts to increase the value of the oil palm fronds, which have only been considered as waste in oil palm plantations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of soaking the filler using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the ratio of the composition of the filler to the adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of polyester particleboard filled with oil palm frond fiber (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). This research consisted of several stages, namely the supply of OPF filler, the manufacture of particle board and analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the particle board. The OPF were first chopped and then soaked in a solution of 0%, 15% and 30% NaOH for 24 hours, filtered to collect the residue. The OPF fiber was then dried using the oven. The OPF fiber was then mixed with polyester adhesive in a ratio of 60:40; 70:30; 80:20; and 90:10 (w/w) and 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) catalyst from the adhesive mass. The mixture was then poured into molds and molded using compression molding. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), density, thickness swelling, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and impact strength were performed on the product. The FTIR results showed that there was a missing C=C group in the 30% NaOH delignification treatment which indicated that lignin degradation had occurred. The SEM results show that in general the adhesive distribution tends to be even. The best physical and mechanical test values in all tests were obtained on particle board with a ratio of filler composition with adhesive 60:40 without delignification treatment with the density value is 0.4948 g/cm3, the thickness swelling value is 3.6676%, the MOE value is 642, 9424 MPa, the MOR value is 5.3849 MPa, and the impact strength value is 1389 J/m2.