Hubungan Lingkungan Fisik Rumah dan Perilaku Keluarga dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Padang Bulan Selayang II

Abstract

ARI is one of the main causes of environment-based diseases, the main cause of morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in toddlers in the world, especially developing countries, including Indonesia. Based on the report of the Padang Bulan Selayang II Health Center, the number of visits by ARI patients in 2022 is 3,535 visits. ARI disease ranks first, especially in the age category of 1-4 years. The high incidence of ARI is influenced by many factors, one of which is the physical environment of the house which is also strongly influenced by lifestyle or behavior. This type of research uses quantitative research with a Cross Sectional approach. The sample in this study amounted to 91 respondents. The sampling technique uses Purposive Sampling. The statistical test used is the Chi-Square test with α=0.05. The results showed that toddlers who experienced the incidence of ARI amounted to 56 toddlers (61.5%). The physical environment of the toddler house was obtained which was 46.2% family room ventilation qualified, 47.3% lighting qualified, 47.3% humidity qualified, 84.6% wall type qualified and 83.5% floor type qualified. Unfavorable family behavior is higher at 65.9% and good family behavior is 34.1%. There was a significant relationship between ventilation (p = 0.012), lighting (p = 0.005), humidity (p = 0.001), and occupancy density (p = 0.001), with the incidence of ARI in toddlers. There was no significant association between wall type (p = 0.818) and floor type (p = 0.655) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Ventilation conditions that do not function properly and windows that do not open wide will block sunlight from entering the house. Houses that lack sunlight will cause air humidity to increase, triggering the development of pathogenic microorganisms that cause ARI. Family behaviors such as smoking habits in the house, house cleaning habits, the habit of changing pillowcases and sheets, drying mattresses and pillows greatly affect the incidence of ARI in toddlers. The incidence of ARI in toddlersis influenced by the physical environment of the house and family behavior. It is hoped that from the results of this study, parents can increase awareness of the importance of maintaining the physical environment conditions of the house and family behavior that can cause ARI in toddlers.