Optimasi Panjang Pipa pada Pemanas Air Tenaga Surya untuk Memanaskan 130 Liter Air dengan Menggunakan Metode Numerik dan Eksperimental

Abstract

Solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface can be collected to be converted into useful heat energy with the help of a solar collector. Research has been carried out to improve the performance of solar collectors, such as by varying the collector tilt angle, using additional reflectors, varying pipe diameters, modifying pipe shape designs and the influence of the distance between pipes. However, no one has yet conducted research on optimizing the length of pipes in solar water heaters. For this reason, research has been carried out to determine the optimization of solar water heaters by determining the pipe length numerically and experimental testing to heat 130 liters of water. In numerical calculations, we also varied the distance between the cover glasses and the height of the collector chamber. It was found that the distance between the cover glasses was 2 mm and the height of the collector chamber was 2 mm, which is the maximum temperature value for a solar water heater with an optimal pipe length of 24 m. The maximum water temperature that can be achieved is 50.433℃. Experimental test results, the maximum water temperature that can be achieved is 45.6 ℃. Heat transfer analysis shows that the incoming energy from solar radiation, useful energy and heat loss in the solar collector are 16.267 MJ, 11.959 MJ, and 4.308 MJ. Thus, the total efficiency of the solar collector is 73.52%.