Analisis Transmisi dan Pembentukan Harga Bawang Merah di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Shallot is a vegetable with the largest land area an d is included in the priority for developing lowland vegetables in Indonesia. Shallot has a large market opportunity as a spice for household consumption, raw materials for the processing industry and to meet export needs. Shallot are vegetables that often experience problems in the off-farm aspect, namely high price fluctuations. This problem is due to the production of shallot which are seasonal and as one of the perishable vegetables. The transmission of shallot prices and the factors that shape shallot prices at the consumer level in North Sumatra Province involving producers (farmers), wholesalers and consumers need to be studied to determine the efficiency of a marketing agency. This study aims to analyze the transmission pattern of shallot prices at the producer, wholesaler, and consumer levels and to analyze the factors that influence the formation of shallot price at the consumer level in North Sumatra Province. The analysis model used in this study is the Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) to look at inter-agency price transmission in the shallot marketing channel and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to look at the factors that influence the formation of shallot prices at the consumer level in North Sumatra Province. The data used is secondary data for 2016-2020. The results showed that price transmission between shallot marketing agencies in North Sumatra Province was asymmetric in the short and long term in the relationship between wholesalers-producers and consumers producers. Factors influencing the formation of consumer-level sahllot prices in North Sumatra Province in the short term are influenced by wholesale prices. Meanwhile, in the long term it is influenced by wholesale prices, income and consumer prices in the previous month.