Mekanisme Ekstrak Etanol dan N-Heksan Daun Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) sebagai Analgetika – Antiinflamasi pada Pergerakan Gigi Ortodonti terhadap Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

An orthodontic pain due to aseptic inflammation came from orthodontic mechanics. NSAIDs and steroids are some options to reduce pain even though it has a negative effect. Secondary metabolites of Saurauia vulcani Korth. has an analgetic and anti-inflammatory potential. Aims, observing the analgetic and antiinflammatory mechanism of ethanol and n-hexane extract and their effect on the quality of orthodontic tooth movement. Research methods: The experiment with controls was carried out in three stages; from a phytochemistry study of the ethanol extract of pirdot leaves (EEDP) and n-hexane extract of pirtdot leaves (EnHDP); The next stage was in-vivo study which analyzed the effectiveness of EEDP and EnHDP analgetic with paracetamol as control and anti-inflammatory potential to body with natrium diclofenac as control, the third stage was for orthodontic tooth movement both with paracetamol and natirum diclofenac as controls. Groups were based on the dosage of EEDP and EnHDP, started from 50-400mg/kgBW and the groups were reduced based on the effectiveness dosage at each level of the study. The third stage was to analyze the effectiveness both extracts in analgetics, antiinflammatories and their effects on orthodontic tooth movement with the closed coil spring force from the first molar to the insicors. OTM study were analyzed the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), neuropeptide (Substance-P), cortisone hormone, and the alveolar maxillae histological study was in hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining (Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase-5 (TRAP5) dan Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 (BMP9)) for cellulars quantification. Result, EEDP’s secondary metabolites were flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids; EnHDP’s was steroid/triterpenoid. Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content (TPC and TFC) were higher for EEDP than EnHDP. The effectiveness from the writhing test showed the best analgetic efficacy at EEDP 200gr/kgBW group (91,12%). The phase 1 of formalin test was best in EnHDP 400gr/kgBW group (97.62%) and EEDP 200gr/kgBW group (100%) at phase 2. The AUC’s value of edema test was below the control group at the EEDP group and it coincidentally found for the plantar rats’ histological analysis. Followup studies of analgesics on orthodontic force showed that both pirdot leaf extracts can reduce the TNF- α, the substance-P, and the cortisone levels. Furthermore, EEDP and EnHDP also accelerated the tooth movement, which supported by an increase of the osteoclast numbers, but only EEDP has better effect to osteoblast growth. Conclusion: EEDP and EnHDP provided analgetic and anti-inflammatory effects through several in-vivo preliminary and OTM tests in this study, it also enhanced rate of the tooth movement.