Keanekaragaman Jenis Jamur Makroskopis di Arboretum Universitas Sumatera Utara Kwala Bekala

Abstract

Macroscopic mushrooms are mushrooms that have a relatively large body size, can be seen with the naked eye, can be held or picked by hand, and have a striking shape. In dense canopy cover macroscopic fungi can be found. Factors that can affect the presence of fungi include temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Mushrooms which include macroscopic fungi are most of the Basidiomycota division and a small part of the Ascomycota. Fungi have an important role in soil biogeo-chemical cycles, nutrient cycles and as decomposers. This study aims to determine the types, species diversity and distribution patterns of macroscopic fungi. This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Arboretum of the University of Sumatera Utara Kwala Bekala and the types of mushrooms were identified using a macroscopic mushroom identification guide. The results showed that there were 34 types of mushrooms belonging to 5 classes, namely the Pezizomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Dacrymycetes, Eumycetes, and Agaricomycetes classes. The highest important value index (IVI) was obtained by the species Mycena delicatella at 18,045 while the lowest IVI was obtained by the species Tremella fuciformis at 3,10. The diversity index (H') was obtained at 3,122 belonging to the high category. The level of evenness of species (E) obtained was 0.885 included in the high category. The C value obtained indicates that the dominance index obtained is quite low, namely 0,058, which means that the macroscopic fungal community in the study area is not only dominated by one species, but there are several species that dominate or do not concentrate macroscopic mushroom species at the study site. 13 species of mushrooms were randomly distributed and 21 other species were distributed in groups. Distribution Psilocybe cubensis mushroom species that grows on animal dung substrates has the highest association value (Oi=1). Secondary analysis showed that 33 mushroom species had NE status (Not Evaluated) and only 1 species had LC (Least Concern) status.