Pengaruh Krim Ekstrak Buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) 5% terhadap Lentigo Solaris

Abstract

Background: Lentigo solaris is an acquired skin disorder which clinically characterized by hyperpigmented macules in sun exposed areas such as the face, forearms and back of the hands. This condition can cause cosmetic concerns that is quite disturbing for some people, especially women. In lentigo solaris, there is a proliferation of melanocytes in the basal layer and an increase in melanin production. Soursop (Annona Muricata L.) is widely cultivated in Indonesia. β- Caryophyllene compounds, found in soursop, was studied to have efficacy to reduce melanogenesis and result in a decrease in melanin content. Objective: To determine the effect of 5% soursop fruit pulp extract cream (Annona Muricata L.) on solar lentigo. Methods: This pre-experimental clinical trial study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design on 35 subjects with lentigo solaris. Diagnosis is established through history and clinical examination. Evaluation of melanin index using Mexameter® MX 18 before and after administration of 5% soursop fruit extract cream were carried out at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Evaluation of clinical improvement were done using a digital caliper tool. Side effects were observed during the study and satisfaction was assessed at the end of the study. The Repeated Anova test followed by a posthoc test using the Bonferoni test was carried out to see the difference in melanin index before and after treatment with a value of p<0.05 considered significant. The Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon test was performed to assess the difference in lesion area before and after treatment with a p<0.05 value considered significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in mean melanin index as well as the lesion’s area differences in subjects with lentigo solaris (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of application of 5% soursop fruit extract cream. No side effects were observed and all subjects were satisfied with the application of 5% soursop fruit extract cream. Conclusion: The use of 5% soursop fruit extract cream can improve clinical appearance and reduce melanin index levels in lentigo solaris, without side effects and good satisfaction.