Evaluasi Tajam Penglihatan pada Penderita Ambliopia Refraktif yang Diterapi dengan Citicoline Tablet 500 Mg di SMA Cerdas Murni Deli Serdang

Abstract

Background: According to available data, nearly 3% of the world's population has amblyopia, of which 1.2% are at risk of lifelong vision loss. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 1.3% - 3.6% experience visual loss due to amblyopia. There are many studies that state the effectiveness of several pharmacological agents in the treatment of amblyopia, one of them is citicoline. The effect of citicoline on amblyopia can be attributed to the modification of neuronal mechanisms in the geniculate body and visual cortex, where functional and morphological changes are known to occur in cases of amblyopia. Objective: To determine the efficacy of citicoline 500 mg to improve visual aquity in patients with refractive amblyopia at Cerdas Murni High School. Methods: This research is a study with a quasi experiment method design. This study was conducted at Cerdas Murni High School, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The data used in this study were primary data based on the visual aquity examination results of Cerdas Murni High School students with refractive amblyopia at the beginning before citicoline administration, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after citicoline administration. The data were then processed with T-independent test if the data distribution was normal and Mann-Whitney test if the data distribution was not normal. Results: Of the 15 Cerdas Murni high school students with refractive amblyopia, the mean ± SD age was 15.56 ± 0.62 years, the mean ± SD KML was -4.33 ± 1.91, and the mean visual acuity of the sample was 6/15 and the majority was mild degree amblyopia with 21 samples (65.6%). Administration of citicoline 500 mg showed a mean change in visual acuity between baseline 0.19 (0.08) with one month 0.15 (0.11) and two months 0.11 (0.1) in mild amblyopia (p>0.05); 0.53 (0.21) with one month 0.46 (0.19) and two months 0.33 (0.18) in moderate amblyopia (p>0.05). There were changes in visual acuity in the mild (P<0.001) and moderate (P<0.001) degree groups. The administration of citicoline 500 mg is significant (P<0.001) in improving the visual aquity of patients with refractive amblyopia at Cerdas Murni High School. Conclusion: Administration of citicoline 500mg tablet significantly improved the visual aquity of refractive amblyopia in SMA Cerdas Murni.