Analisis Morfologi, Kristalinitas dan Rendemen Grafena Berlapis Nano dari Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Research on the analysis of morphology, crystallinity and yield of graphene nano sheets from corn cobs as a starting material using the pyrolysis method has been carried out. The use of corn cobs in this study is because corn cobs contain high cellulose and hemicellulose (77 %) and are relatively large solid waste (5.2 million tons in 2019). The purposes of this study are to synthesize Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) from corn cobs, analyzing the optimum conditions (temperature and time of pyrolysis) for converting corn cobs to be GNS product and to evaluate the morphology, crystallinity and yield of GNS produced at various treatments (TPyrolysis) = 200 °C; tPyrolysis-I & II = 1 and 1.5 hours) and (TPyrolysis = 300 °C; tPyrolysis-I = 0.5 hours and tPyrolysis-II = 1 and 1.5 hours). This research is a laboratory experimental research. GNS was synthesized by the pyrolysis method, and the GNS produced from each of pyrolysis temperature and time variation were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR, respectively. XRD data of GNS shows a weak and wide peak at C (002) (2Ɵ = 24.3°), meaning that graphene has been successfully produced. The XRD data is also supported by the SEM-EDX image, GNS has a regular hexagonal morphology, very dense and resembles a honeycomb and has an aromatic Csp2 structure (FTIR data. GNS is dominated by carbon elements (C) 80-88 % (w/w) and oxygen (O) 12-20 % (w/w). The optimum temperature (TPyrolysis) and time (tPyrolysis) pyrolysis conditions for GNS production process are obtained at TPirolysis = 300 °C; tPyrolysis-I = 0.5 hours and tPyrolysis-II = 1.5 hours. This is base on the largest carbon element amount (87.65%) among others treatment. All data shows that GNS can be produced from corn cobs with the best yield of GNS (16 % (w/w)). The GNS produced has an aromatic Csp2 structure, thus the corncob solid waste may be used as a starting material to produce large-scale GNS production.