Gambaran Komplikasi Kronis Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Tahun 2022 di RS Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Medan

Abstract

Background. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels above normal limits. Continuous exposure to hyperglycemia can lead to chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications in T2DM. The increasing incidence of complications leads to increased morbidity and mortality and decreased productivity of DM patients. Objective. The purpose of this study was to look at the profile of chronic complications in patients with type 2 DM. Methods. The type of research used is descriptive with a cross sectional approach and using medical records at Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Medan Hospital for the period June to Desember 2022. The subjects used were grouped based on age, gender and chronic complications (macrovascular and microvascular). Results. 89 samples were obtained with the results of the study showing that the most age groups were elderly (≥60 years) there were 50,6% and adults (<60 years) there were 49,4%, based on gender, namely women 50,6% and men 49,4%. The incidence of macrovascular chronic complications was obtained, consisting of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) as many as 25 (53,2%) individuals, Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) as many as 15 (31,9%) individuals and stroke as many as 11 (23,4%) individuals, in microvascular 64 (71,9%) individuals, consisting of diabetic neuropathy as many as 50 (78,1%) individuals, diabetic nephropathy as many as 14 (21,9%) individuals and diabetic retinopathy 9 (14,1%) individuals and who suffer from macro and micro microvascular there are 22 (24,7%) individuals. Conclusion. Based on gender and age, chronic complications of T2DM were more prevalent in women and in the elderly age group (≥ 60 years). There were more microvascular complications than macrovascular complications. The microvascular complications were CHD, PAD, and stroke, while the macrovascular complications were neuropathy, nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy.