Gambaran Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik pada Penderita Bukan Perokok di RS Pendidikan Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Medan

Abstract

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death in 2019 according to WHO. The prevalence of COPD in Indonesia reached 9.2 million people in 2013. The main risk factor for COPD is persistent cigarette use, but there are also COPD sufferers who are not cigarette users. Objective. This study aims to determine the causes of COPD based on demographic characteristics and clinical risk factors in never-smokers. Method. This research is a descriptive study using a cross sectional approach. Data obtained from interviews and medical records used a total sampling technique and analyzed using a frequency distribution test. Results. The number of COPD sufferers at RS Pendidikan Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Medan for 2 months was 220 people, which 54 people had no history of smoking. Based on demographic characteristics, the most severity group was GOLD 3 (55.6%), the largest COPD population group was Group B (55.6%), the majority of sample gender was female (75.9%), the largest age group was 61 -70 years (55.6%), and most of the sample worked indoors (48.1%). Meanwhile, based on clinical risk factors, it occurs most often in the group of sufferers who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke exposure (70.4%), exposure to waste burning smoke as biomass burning smoke (27.7%), exposure to organic and inorganic dust in the workplace (17.7%), sufferers who had no family history of COPD (79.6%), and sufferers with a history of asthma (38.6%). Conclusion. The incidence of COPD in never-smokers is 24.5%, where it is found that the incidence of COPD does not only occur in smokers but can also affect individuals who have never smoked because the causes are multifactorial.