Hubungan Suhu Udara dan Kelembapan Udara serta Curah Hujan dengan Kejadian ISPA di Kota Medan Tahun 2013 – 2022

Abstract

The Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) affects throat, nose and lungs which last approximately 14 days. The ARI incidence reached 28% with 533,187 cases identified. Over the past four years, there has been an increase in ARI cases in Medan. In 2019, there were 330,088 cases, and in 2022, there was a further increase with 286,635 cases. The occurrence of ARI can be attributed to environmental factors such as climate (temperature, humidity, and rainfall). The increase in cases of respiratory infections is influenced by extreme rainfall. This study aims to investigate the relationship between air temperature, humidity, and rainfall with the occurrence of ARI in Medan from 2013 to 2022. The study design employed is an ecological time trend study. The data sources for the research included secondary data comprising ARI cases obtained from the Medan Health Office and climate data obtained from the Medan Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) over the past ten years. The highest peak of ARI cases occurred in October 2019, with 33,363 cases when the temperature reached 26°C, rainfall measured 455 mm, and humidity reached 86%. Statistical analysis demonstrates a significant relationship between air temperature and humidity (p-value = 0.0001 & p-value = 0.03 respectively). However, there is no significant association between rainfall and the occurrence of ARI in Medan. Recommendation for public is to maintain good health and enhance their immune system, especially during the rainy season. This is important to minimize ARI occurrence during cold and humid temperatures due to high rainfall.