Analisis Kadar Particulate Matter 10 dan Keluhan Saluran Pernafasan pada Pedagang di Pasar Melati Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Tahun 2023

Abstract

One of the most potential sources of air pollution is derived from the transportation sector, namely 70-80%. Air pollutants generated by motor vehicles include particulate matter 10 (PM10). The presence of high levels of PM10 in the air can lead to health problems, especially respiratory issues for those who inhale it. The high density of motorized vehicles such as trucks, cars, and motorcycles passing through Melati Market can generate street dust from vehicle emissions containing pollutants like PM10, causing respiratory complaints, particularly for traders who directly inhale the polluted air. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of traders, respiratory complaints, and PM10 levels among traders in Melati Market, Medan Tungtungan District in 2023. The research method used is a descriptive survey with purposive sampling involving 38 traders. The results indicate that PM10 levels at three measurement points were 29 μg/Nm3, 196 μg/Nm3, and 147 μg/Nm3, which is known from these points, two points exceed the quality standards stipulated in Government Regulation number 22 of 2021, namely 75 μg/Nm3. Trades who had respiratory complains were 29 traders (76.4%), and the most complaints were coughing only, coughing and sneezing were 9 traders (23.7%) each and for sneezing complaints, namely 8 traders (21.1%). The researchers suggest that the Medan City government should take measures to reduce the high levels of PM10 produced by motor vehicles, including the planting of broad-leaved trees to act as air dust absorbers. Traders at Melati Market are recommended to use masks to minimize the risk of respiratory issues.