Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien dan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di RSUD Dr R M Djoelham Binjai

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a health problem both in Indonesia and internationally. In 2021 Indonesia is ranked 2nd with the most TB patients in the world, which is 9.2 percent of the total world cases. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between patient characteristics and smoking habits with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in outpatients at RSUD DR. R.M. Djoelham Binjai. This research is a cross sectional analytic study. The number of research samples was 92 patients using consecutive sampling. Univariate data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate data were analyzed using the chi square. The results showed that the highest proportion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis based on patient characteristics were the age group 15-55 years (66.3%), male gender (67.4%), Javanese ethnicity (45.7%), Muslim religion (80.4%), high school education (52.2%), working as self-employed (23.9%), overweight (35.9%), marital status (81.5%), and no history of household contact (84.8%). The highest proportion of patients based on smoking habits were smoking cigarettes (51.1%), starting smoking ≥15 years (85.1%), smoking duration ≥10 years (83%), cigarette consumption ≥ 10 cigarettes per day (74.5%), smoking clove cigarettes (76.6%). There is a relationship between age (p=0.041), occupation (p=0.036), nutritional status (p=0.001), household contact history (p=0.032), smoking duration (p=0.028), number of cigarettes consumed per day (p=0.010) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. There was no relationship between gender (p=0.672), education (p=0.380), age of starting smoking (p=0.655), type of cigarette (p=0.246) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at RSUD DR R.M Djoelham Binjai in 2023. Patients are advised to avoid or stop smoking to maintain lung health, improve immunity and nutritional status and use masks when interacting with pulmonary tuberculosis patients. For the hospital, recommended to conducting health promotion that focuses on improving lung health through health promotion media.