Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus sp.) sebagai Kitosan dalam Menekan Laju Kemunduran Mutu Ikan Layang (Decapterus sp.) pada Suhu Chilling

Abstract

Utilizing crab shell waste is one solution to overcoming the problem of environmental pollution and an effort to reduce the ever-increasing volume of waste. Crab waste is used as raw material for the feed industry, making chitin and chitosan. Chitosan is a natural preservative that can be used to extend the shelf life of food products because it is antimicrobial and as an agent in reducing the rate of decline in the quality of fish, one of which is shortfin scad (Decapterus sp.). Shortfin scad, as a type of small pelagic with economic value, have quite a large contribution to the community's food supply so the decline in the quality of shortfin scad will also have an impact on its economic and nutritional value. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking chitosan from crab shell waste (Portunus sp.) with different concentrations on the rate of quality deterioration and the best concentration. In the soaking process on the rate of deterioration of the quality of shortfin scad during chilling temperature storage. This research was conducted in February – June 2023. Research begins with making chitosan and chitosan solution, testing pH, Total Plate Count (TPC), FTIR, and Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N). In the pH test, the P-value was obtained, namely 0.000, where P ≤ 0.05, which means there is a real effect, in the TVBN test, the P-value was obtained, namely 0.317, where P ≥ 0.05, which means there is no real effect, and in the colony number test bacteria (TPC) obtained a P-value of 0.000, where P ≤ 0.05 which means it has a significant effect. Soaking shortfin scad at concentrations of 1.25%, 1.5%, and 1.75% has been proven to be used as a natural preservative. Based on the ANOVA test, p ≤ 0.05 was also obtained, which proves that giving chitosan solution to flying fish had a real effect. The average bacteria at a concentration of 1.25% was 3.9 x 107 col/gram, at a concentration of 1.5% was 1.9 x 107 col/gram, and at a concentration of 1.75% was 1 x 107 col/gram. Where a concentration of 1.75% is the best concentration in inhibiting bacterial growth.