Korelasi Kadar Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) dengan Gangguan Fungsi Penghidu pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Hemodialisis Reguler Ditinjau dari Pemeriksaan Sniffin’ Stick Test di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: High prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and the prevalence increased with the severity of kidney disease. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is an aggressive uremic toxin that accumulates significantly in the plasma of CKD patients. Olfactory damage may occur in the setting of neuronal damage due to renal failure. Methods: 27 patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease on regular hemodyalisis who were examined for indoxyl sulfate levels in blood plasma and then examined their olfactory function using the sniffin' stick test consisting of odor threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I) tests was carried out in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. A correlation test was applied between the results of indoxyl sulfate levels and the results of olfactory function test in patients with CKD. Results: Measured with the pearson correlation test showed that there was a strong significant negative correlation between indoxyl sulfate values and olfactory function (r=-0.613; p=0.001) and a correlation was obtained between the value of indoxyl sulfate and each component of the olfactory function, threshold value (r= -0.408; p=0.035), discrimination (r= -0.807; p = 0.001) and identification (r= -0.703; p=0.001). Conclusions: Olfaction ability is impaired in patients with chronic renal failure and is associated with the degree of accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate.